Complex ovarian cyst treatment varies based on type, size, and symptoms, with options like observation, medication, or surgery. Decisions are personalized to individual health and circumstances. Consult a healthcare provider for informed choices. Ovarian cysts, fluid-filled sacs on the ovaries, are mostly harmless but may require medical attention if complex.
Ovarian Cysts
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs or pockets that can develop within or on the surface of the ovaries, which are the reproductive organs in women. These cysts are a normal part of the menstrual cycle and often form during ovulation. In many cases, ovarian cysts are harmless and go away on their own without causing any symptoms.
2 Types of ovarian cysts
1. Simple cysts
Common occurrences, simple cysts arise when the ovary does not release an egg or when a follicle in the ovary persists in growth after releasing an egg. Termed functional cysts, they are a result of the regular menstrual cycle and typically exhibit no symptoms. These cysts commonly resolve spontaneously within a few menstrual cycles.
2. Complex cysts
Complex cysts, unlike their counterparts tied to the normal menstrual cycle, are less prevalent. Here are three frequently encountered types of complex ovarian cysts:
- Dermoid cysts consist of cells present since birth, utilized by the body to generate dermal tissue, potentially containing fat, skin, hair, or teeth.
- Cystadenomas comprise ovarian tissue filled with fluid or mucus.
- Endometriomas develop when cells from the uterine lining grow beyond the uterus, settling in or on the ovaries.
While uncommon, malignant ovarian cysts do exist. The majority of ovarian cysts, particularly those emerging before menopause, are benign.
Complex ovarian cyst Symptoms
Ovarian cysts often do not cause noticeable symptoms and may be discovered incidentally during routine pelvic exams or imaging studies. However, when symptoms do occur, they can vary depending on the type of cyst and its size. Common symptoms of ovarian cysts may include, Small ovarian cysts can exist without causing any noticeable symptoms. Here are some of the more prevalent signs associated:
- nausea and vomiting if the cyst is twisting an ovary
- bloating or pressure in your lower abdomen
- frequent urination if the cyst is large enough to press on your bladder
- lower abdominal pain
- sudden, severe pain if the cyst ruptures
For those with endometriomas, symptoms may manifest as painful periods, discomfort during intercourse, and painful urination and bowel movements during menstruation. Other signs include fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, and potential fertility issues.
If you experience a fever, vomiting, or intense abdominal pain, seek prompt medical attention.
Causes of complex ovarian cysts
Complex ovarian cysts can have various causes, and their development may be influenced by different factors. Some common causes include:
- Determining the cause of an ovarian cyst is often challenging.
- Functional cysts result from minor issues, typically hormonal, within the normal menstrual cycle.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) induces the formation of numerous small, simple ovarian cysts. The exact cause is unclear but is linked to a hormonal imbalance.
- Endometriomas are associated with endometriosis, a condition where uterine lining cells grow outside the uterus, including on the ovaries.
- Cancerous cysts emerge when mutated ovarian cells undergo abnormal growth and reproduction.
How are complex diagnosed?
If you exhibit cyst symptoms, consult your doctor who may conduct a pelvic exam. A wait-and-see approach is common, as many cysts resolve without intervention. A pregnancy test may be suggested, as pregnancy can mimic abdominal symptoms. Additional diagnostic measures may involve ultrasound or CT scans. Diagnosing complex typically involves a combination of the following methods: Pelvic Exam, Imaging Tests, Blood Tests, Biopsy and Monitoring
What makes an ovarian cyst complex?
A complex or non-functional cyst is one that isn’t associated with ovulation. These are solid or partially solid and can grow to cause discomfort or pain.
Does complex cyst mean PCOS?
The other type of ovarian cyst is a complex ovarian cyst. These are either PCOS cysts, non-cancerous cysts (cystadenomas), or cysts related to endometriosis (endometriomas). Rarely, ovarian cysts can be very large or potentially cancerous and in that case would require a surgical intervention.
Who is at risk for ovarian cysts?
All women of reproductive age are at risk for ovarian cysts. Factors like hormonal fluctuations, irregular menstrual cycles, and conditions such as endometriosis or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can increase susceptibility. Family history, obesity, and certain medical treatments may also contribute to the likelihood of developing it. Please feel free to reach out to our agency team for consultation. In the preliminary stage, we have a dedicated team, including medical professionals, available to offer advice. We are prepared to assist you in selecting a suitable hospital and guiding you through the treatment process.
What is the outlook?
Most simple have a good outlook, but the prognosis for complex ones depends on the cause and treatment. After surgical removal, long-term health issues are unlikely. Treatment for severe endometriosis may involve surgery and hormones, possibly causing scar tissue and affecting organs. Around 30-40% of women with unexplained infertility have endometriosis. Ovarian cancer prognosis depends on the cancer’s stage, and early diagnosis and treatment with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation offer the best outcomes.